######################################################################## # BGN/PCGN 1967 System # # The BGN/PCGN system for Amharic was designed for use in romanizing # names written in Amharic characters. The Roman letters and letter # combinations shown as equivalents to the Amharic characters reflect # modern Amharic pronunciation. Different consonant characters in three # groups are pronounced alike in modern Amharic and are therefore # romanized identically for use in geographic names. # # The Amharic syllabary as defined by the BGN (Page 1): # # ሀሁሂሃሄህሆለሉሊላሌልሎሏሐሑሒሓሔሕሖመሙሚማሜምሞሟፘሠሡሢሣሤሥሦረሩሪራሬርሮሯፙሰሱሲሳሴስሶሸሹሺሻሼሽሾሿ # ቀቁቂቃቄቅቆቈቍቋቌቊበቡቢባቤብቦቧቨቩቪቫቬቭቮተቱቲታቴትቶቷቸቹቺቻቼችቾቿኀኁኂኃኄኅኆኈኊኋኌኍነኑኒናኔንኖኗ # ኘኙኚኛኜኝኞኟአኡኢኣኤእኦኧከኩኪካኬክኮኰኲኳኴኵኸኹኺኻኼኽኾወዉዊዋዌውዎዐዑዒዓዔዕዖዘዙዚዛዜዝዞዟዠዡዢዣዤዥዦዧ # የዩዪያዬይዮደዱዲዳዴድዶዷጀጁጂጃጄጅጆጇገጉጊጋጌግጎጐጕጒጓጐጠጡጢጣጤጥጦጧጨጩጪጬጭጮጯጰጱጲጳጴጵጶጸጹጺጻጼጽጾጿ # ፀፁፂፃፄፅፆፈፉፊፋፌፍፎፏፚፐፑፒፓፔፕፖ፩፪፫፬፭፮፯፰፱፲፳፴፵፶፷፸፹፺፻ # # Prepared by Michael Everson <everson@evertype.com> ######################################################################## # # MINIMAL FILTER: Amharic-Latin # :: [ሀሁሂሃሄህሆለሉሊላሌልሎሏሐሑሒሓሔሕሖመሙሚማሜምሞሟሠሡሢሣሤሥሦረሩሪራሬርሮሯሰሱሲሳሴስሶሷሸሹሺሻሼሽሾሿቀቁቂቃቄቅቆቈቊቋቌቍቐቑቒቓቔቕቖቘቚቛቜቝበቡቢባቤብቦቧቨቩቪቫቬቭቮቯተቱቲታቴትቶቷቸቹቺቻቼችቾቿኀኁኂኃኄኅኆኈኊኋኌኍነኑኒናኔንኖኗኘኙኚኛኜኝኞኟአኡኢኣኤእኦኧከኩኪካኬክኮኰኲኳኴኵኸኹኺኻኼኽኾወዉዊዋዌውዎዘዙዚዛዜዝዞዟዠዡዢዣዤዥዦዧደዱዲዳዴድዶዷጀጁጂጃጄጅጆጇገጉጊጋጌግጎጐጒጓጔጕጠጡጢጣጤጥጦጧጨጩጪጫጬጭጮጯጰጱጲጳጴጵጶጷጸጹጺጻጼጽጾጿፀፁፂፃፄፅፆፈፉፊፋፌፍፎፏፐፑፒፓፔፕፖፗፘፙፚ፩፪፫፬፭፮፯፰፱፲፳፴፵፶፷፸፹፺፻] ; :: NFD (NFC) ; # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # Define All Transformation Variables # ######################################################################## # $ejective = ’; $glottal = ’; $pharyngeal = ‘; # # Use this $wordBoundary until bug 2034 is fixed in ICU: # http://bugs.icu-project.org/cgi-bin/icu-bugs/transliterate?id=2034;expression=boundary;user=guest # $wordBoundary = [^[:L:][:M:][:N:]] ; # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # Start of Syllabic Transformations # ######################################################################## # ሀ → hā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HA ሁ → hu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HU ሂ → hī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HI ሃ → ha ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HAA ሄ → hē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HEE ህ → hi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HE ሆ → ho ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HO ለ → le ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LA ሉ → lu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LU ሊ → lī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LI ላ → la ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LAA ሌ → lē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LEE ል → li ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LE ሎ → lo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LO ሏ → lwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LWA # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 2: # # For documentation purposes the characters romanized with h in rows # 1, 3, 13 and 18 may be romanized with h, ḥ, ḫ, and ẖ, respectively. # ######################################################################## # ሐ → ḥā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHA ሑ → ḥu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHU ሒ → ḥī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHI ሓ → ḥa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHAA ሔ → ḥē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHEE ሕ → ḥi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHE ሖ → ḥo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHO # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 2 # ######################################################################## # መ → me ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MA ሙ → mu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MU ሚ → mī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MI ማ → ma ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MAA ሜ → mē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MEE ም → mi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ME ሞ → mo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MO ሟ → mwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MWA # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 2: # # The characters romaznized with s in rows 5 and 7 may, instead, be # romanized with š and s, respectively; and the chracters romanized # with ts’ in rows 30 and 31 may, instead, be romanized with ts’ and # t͟s’ respectively. # ######################################################################## # ሠ → še ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZA ሡ → šu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZU ሢ → šī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZI ሣ → ša ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZAA ሤ → šē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZEE ሥ → ši ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZE ሦ → šo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZO # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 2 # ######################################################################## # ረ → re ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RA ሩ → ru ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RU ሪ → rī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RI ራ → ra ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RAA ሬ → rē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE REE ር → ri ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RE ሮ → ro ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RO ሯ → rwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RWA not in BGN ሰ → se ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SA ሱ → su ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SU ሲ → sī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SI ሳ → sa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SAA ሴ → sē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEE ስ → si ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SE ሶ → so ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SO ሷ → swa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SWA ሸ → she ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHA ሹ → shu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHU ሺ → shī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHI ሻ → sha ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHAA ሼ → shē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHEE ሽ → shi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHE ሾ → sho ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHO ሿ → shwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHWA ቀ → k $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QA ቁ → k $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QU ቂ → k $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QI ቃ → k $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QAA ቄ → k $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QEE ቅ → k $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QE ቆ → k $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QO ቈ → k $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWA ቍ → k $ejective wi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWE ቋ → k $ejective wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWAA ቌ → k $ejective wē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWEE ቊ → k $ejective wī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWI # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 3: # # The character ቐ which occurs only in the writing system of the Tigre # and # Tigrinya languages, should be romanized with k’ in geographic # names but may be romanized with ḵ in documentation. # ######################################################################## # ቐ → ḵ $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHA ቑ → ḵ $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHU ቒ → ḵ $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHI ቓ → ḵ $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHAA ቔ → ḵ $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHEE ቕ → ḵ $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHE ቖ → ḵ $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHO ቘ → ḵ $ejective wo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWA ቚ → ḵ $ejective wī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWI ቛ → ḵ $ejective wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWAA ቜ → ḵ $ejective wē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWEE ቝ → ḵ $ejective wi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWE # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 3 # ######################################################################## # በ → be ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BA ቡ → bu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BU ቢ → bī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BI ባ → ba ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BAA ቤ → bē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BEE ብ → bi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BE ቦ → bo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BO ቧ → bwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BWA ተ → te ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TA ቱ → tu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TU ቲ → tī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TI ታ → ta ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TAA ቴ → tē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TEE ት → ti ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TE ቶ → to ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TO ቷ → twa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TWA ቸ → che ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CA ቹ → chu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CU ቺ → chī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CI ቻ → cha ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CAA ቼ → chē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CEE ች → chi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CE ቾ → cho ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CO ቿ → chwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CWA # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 2: # # For documentation purposes the characters romanized with h in rows # 1, 3, 13 and 18 may be romanized with h, ḥ, ḫ, and ẖ, respectively. # ######################################################################## # ኀ → ḫā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XA ኁ → ḫu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XU ኂ → ḫī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XI ኃ → ḫa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XAA ኄ → ḫē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XEE ኅ → ḫi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XE ኆ → ḫo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XO ኈ → ḫo; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWA ኊ → ḫwī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWI ኋ → ḫwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWAA ኌ → ḫwē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWEE ኍ → ḫwi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWE # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 2 # ######################################################################## # ነ → ne ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NA ኑ → nu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NU ኒ → nī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NI ና → na ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NAA ኔ → nē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NEE ን → ni ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NE ኖ → no ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NO ኗ → nwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NWA ኘ → nye ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYA ኙ → nyu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYU ኚ → nyī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYI ኛ → nya ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYAA ኜ → nyē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYEE ኝ → nyi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYE ኞ → nyo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYO ኟ → nywa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYWA # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 5: # # The vowel characters in row 16 should be Romanized ā, u, ī, a, ē, i, # and o initially and ’ā, ’u, ’ī, ’a, ’ē, ’i, and ’o in all other # postitions. # ######################################################################## # $wordBoundary{አ → ā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL A $wordBoundary{ኡ → u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL U $wordBoundary{ኢ → ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL I $wordBoundary{ኣ → a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL AA $wordBoundary{ኤ → ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL EE $wordBoundary{እ → i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL E $wordBoundary{ኦ → o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL O $wordBoundary{ኧ → e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL WA አ → $glottal ā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL A ኡ → $glottal u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL U ኢ → $glottal ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL I ኣ → $glottal a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL AA ኤ → $glottal ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL EE እ → $glottal i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL E ኦ → $glottal o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL O ኧ → $glottal e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL WA # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 5 # ######################################################################## # ከ → ke ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KA ኩ → ku ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KU ኪ → kī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KI ካ → ka ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KAA ኬ → kē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KEE ክ → ki ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KE ኮ → ko ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KO ኰ → ko ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWA ኲ → kwī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWI ኳ → kwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWAA ኴ → kwē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWEE ኵ → kwi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWE # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 2: # # For documentation purposes the characters romanized with h in rows # 1, 3, 13 and 18 may be romanized with h, ḥ, ḫ, and ẖ, respectively. # ######################################################################## # ኸ → ẖe ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXA ኹ → ẖu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXU ኺ → ẖī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXI ኻ → ẖa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXAA ኼ → ẖē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXEE ኽ → ẖi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXE ኾ → ẖo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXO # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 2 # ######################################################################## # ወ → we ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WA ዉ → wu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WU ዊ → wī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WI ዋ → wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WAA ዌ → wē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WEE ው → wi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WE ዎ → wo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WO ዐ → $pharyngeal ā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL A ዑ → $pharyngeal u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL U ዒ → $pharyngeal ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL I ዓ → $pharyngeal a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL AA ዔ → $pharyngeal ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL EE ዕ → $pharyngeal i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL E ዖ → $pharyngeal o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL O ዘ → ze ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZA ዙ → zu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZU ዚ → zī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZI ዛ → za ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZAA ዜ → zē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZEE ዝ → zi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZE ዞ → zo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZO ዟ → zwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZWA ዠ → zhā ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHA ዡ → zhu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHU ዢ → zhī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHI ዣ → zha ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHAA ዤ → zhē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHEE ዥ → zhi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHE ዦ → zho ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHO ዧ → zhwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHWA ደ → de ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DA ዱ → du ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DU ዲ → dī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DI ዳ → da ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DAA ዴ → dē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DEE ድ → di ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DE ዶ → do ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DO ዷ → dwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DWA ጀ → je ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JA ጁ → ju ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JU ጂ → jī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JI ጃ → ja ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JAA ጄ → jē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JEE ጅ → ji ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JE ጆ → jo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JO ጇ → jwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JWA ገ → ge ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GA ጉ → gu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GU ጊ → gī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GI ጋ → ga ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GAA ጌ → gē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GEE ግ → gi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GE ጎ → go ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GO ጐ → go ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWA ጒ → gwī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWI ጓ → gwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWAA ጔ → gwē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWEE ጕ → gwi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWE ጠ → t $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THA ጡ → t $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THU ጢ → t $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THI ጣ → t $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THAA ጤ → t $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THEE ጥ → t $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THE ጦ → t $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THO ጧ → t $ejective wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THWA ጨ → ch $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHA ጩ → ch $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHU ጪ → ch $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHI ጫ → ch $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHAA ጬ → ch $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHEE ጭ → ch $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHE ጮ → ch $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHO ጯ → ch $ejective wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHWA ጰ → p $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHA ጱ → p $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHU ጲ → p $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHI ጳ → p $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHAA ጴ → p $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHEE ጵ → p $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHE ጶ → p $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHO ጷ → p $ejective wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHWA # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 3 Rule 2: # # The characters romaznized with s in rows 5 and 7 may, instead, be # romanized with š and s, respectively; and the chracters romanized # with ts’ in rows 30 and 31 may, instead, be romanized with ts’ and # t͟s’ respectively. # ######################################################################## # ጸ → ts $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSA ጹ → ts $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSU ጺ → ts $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSI ጻ → ts $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSAA ጼ → ts $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSEE ጽ → ts $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSE ጾ → ts $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSO ጿ → ts $ejective wa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSWA ፀ → t͟s $ejective e ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZA ፁ → t͟s $ejective u ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZU ፂ → t͟s $ejective ī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZI ፃ → t͟s $ejective a ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZAA ፄ → t͟s $ejective ē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZEE ፅ → t͟s $ejective i ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZE ፆ → t͟s $ejective o ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZO # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 2 # ######################################################################## # ፈ → fe ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FA ፉ → fu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FU ፊ → fī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FI ፋ → fa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FAA ፌ → fē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FEE ፍ → fi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FE ፎ → fo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FO ፏ → fwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FWA ፐ → pe ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PA ፑ → pu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PU ፒ → pī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PI ፓ → pa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PAA ፔ → pē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PEE ፕ → pi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PE ፖ → po ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PO ፗ → pwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PWA ፘ → rya ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RYA ፙ → mya ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MYA ፚ → fya ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FYA ቨ → ve ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VA ቩ → vu ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VU ቪ → vī ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VI ቫ → va ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VAA ቬ → vē ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VEE ቭ → vi ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VE ቮ → vo ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VO ቯ → vwa ; # ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VWA # ######################################################################## # # Start of Numeric Transformations # # The BGN table on page 3 does not include ፼. # ######################################################################## # ፩ → 1 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT ONE ፪ → 2 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT TWO ፫ → 3 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT THREE ፬ → 4 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT FOUR ፭ → 5 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT FIVE ፮ → 6 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT SIX ፯ → 7 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT SEVEN ፰ → 8 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT EIGHT ፱ → 9 ; # ETHIOPIC DIGIT NINE ፲ → 10 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER TEN ፳ → 20 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER TWENTY ፴ → 30 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER THIRTY ፵ → 40 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER FORTY ፶ → 50 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER FIFTY ፷ → 60 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER SIXTY ፸ → 70 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER SEVENTY ፹ → 80 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER EIGHTY ፺ → 90 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER NINETY ፻ → 100 ; # ETHIOPIC NUMBER HUNDRED # ########################################################################