gohar_aftab2001@yahoo.com had written:
> Sent: Saturday, January 12, 2002 11:30 AM
...
> i will show this assinment to our professor
> on 14th of january 2002(monday).
Starting research on 2002-01-12 is a bit late then, isn't it?
gohar_aftab2001@yahoo.com had written:
> i want to know that what r the previous shapes of math's digits
> and why these changed from ..... to 1,2,3,4,5,......
> i want to know the main theory of this topic.
Marco Cimarosti wrote:
> I assume that this is a question about Unicode,
Rather, I assume that this is a question about the history of
writing systems.
For some answers, cf.
<http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Arabic_numerals.html>
<http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Arabic_numerals>
<http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~cm1993/maths/mm2217/han.htm> &c.
<http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/numerals.html> (Bibliography)
<http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/600oberlander.html> &c.
<http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/HinduArabicNumerals.html> &c.
<http://www.islamicity.org/mosque/ihame/Ref6.htm>
<http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/maths.html>
and perhaps
<http://www.arabicnumerals.cwc.net/>.
You may also wish to learn about the decimal numbering system
(a special case of radix systems), cf.
<http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Number_system>
and of the abacus, a mechanical realisation thereof, cf.
<http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Abacus>
<http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/>.
You may be able to find more information about these topics via
an internet search (e. g. <http://www.google.com/intl/en/>) with
keywords such as
History Arabic numerals
History digit Zero
Decimal numbering system
Radix system
Abacus
Best wishes,
Otto Stolz
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