Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 147
San José, CA -- May 9-13, 2016
Hosted by Adobe
UTC #147 Agenda
Revision date: May 19, 2015
Monday, May 9, 2016
Meeting opened at 10:40.
5.5 Members represented: Microsoft, Adobe, Apple, IBM, EmojiXpress, Google, UCB(proxy)
Quorum: 4.5
A.6 Calendar review
Tentative Q2 2017 meeting UTC #152 = May 8-12. Host Adobe.
A.5.2.1 Review of open action items [L2/SD2]
B.3.2 UTC Review Comments on CJK Working Set 2015 v1.1 (IRG N2133) [Lunde, L2/16-055]
Add agenda item B.3.3 Status of Extension F.
Short break 11:40 - 11:50.
B.11.1 Issue 303: Proposed Update UAX #31, Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax
B.11.1.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.1.2 Document for review [Davis]
Discussion.
[147-C1] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #31 as amended in discussion for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A1] Action Item for Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Update the text of UAX #31 as per discussion and prepare for publication in Unicode 9.0.
B.11.2 Issue 304: Proposed Update UAX #24, Unicode Script Property
B.11.2.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.2.2 Document for review [Davis, Whistler]
[147-C2] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #24 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A3] Action Item for Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Prepare UAX #24 for publication.
B.11.7 Issue 313: Proposed Update UTS #39, Unicode Security Mechanisms
B.11.7.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.7.2 Document for review
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
B.11.9 Issue 315: Proposed Update UAX #9, Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
B.11.9.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.9.2 Document for review
[147-A4] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Reply to feedback by "Eriice" on PRI #315.
[147-A5] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Reply to feedback by "Marcin Grzegorczyk", thank you for the feedback.
[147-C3] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #9 as amended in discussion for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A6] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Prepare the publication of UAX #9 for Unicode 9.0.
Lunch 1:00 - 1:50.
A.9 Membership update
Oral report by Mark Davis.
B.14.3 Provisional value for Emoji property [Emoji SC/Edberg, L2/16-087]
B.14.3.1 Characters Proposed for Emoji=Provisional [Emoji SC/Edberg, L2/16-088]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
E.1.11 Additional Emoji selection factor [Emoji SC/Edberg, L2/16-128]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
E.1.6 ZWJ segmentation
E.1.6.1 Broadening ZWJ segmentation support [Emoji SC/Davis, L2/16-093]
E.1.6.2 Broadening ZWJ segmentation support (spreadsheet for L2/16-093)[Emoji SC/Davis, L2/16-094]
[147-M1] Motion: In view of the timeline for Unicode 9.0 changes proposed in L2/16-093 would be better implemented in the near term as customizations in CLDR or ICU.
Moved by Mark Davis, seconded by Peter Edberg
5.5 for (Adobe, IBM, MS, Apple, Google, EmojiXpress)
1 against (UCB)
0 abstain ()
Motion carries.
[147-A7] Action Item for Mark Davis, Peter Edberg: Produce a revision of L2/16-093 for Unicode 10.0, with an explicit list of codepoints.
[147-A8] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add the revision of L2/16-093 to the agenda for the next meeting.
Short break.
B.11.13 Issue 319: Proposed Update UTR#51, Unicode Emoji
B.11.13.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.13.1.2 Flag Tofus [Pournader, L2/16-060]
B.11.13.2 Document for review [Davis, Edberg, L2/16-145]
Discussion. UTC took no action on progressing the draft of UTR #51 at this time, but took other related actions.
[147-A9] Action Item for Mark Davis: Respond to feedback by Addison Phillips on PRI #319.
[147-C4] Consensus: Set "Emoji = No" and "Emoji_Presentation = No" for U+1F946 RIFLE and U+1F93B MODERN PENTATHLON. For U+1F946 set "Emoji_Direction_Base = No".
[147-A10] Action Item for Mark Davis, Peter Edberg: Make emoji property updates for U+1F946 RIFLE and U+1F93B MODERN PENTATHLON in UTR #51 Version 3.0.
[147-A11] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Mark Davis: Fix the emoji candidates HTML page to remove the two candidates U+1F946 RIFLE and U+1F93B MODERN PENTATHLON, and fix the statistics on the page.
[147-A12] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Mark Davis: Also remove U+1F946 RIFLE and U+1F93B MODERN PENTATHLON from the Beta Emoji charts.
[147-A13] Action Item for Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Change some statistics about the number of emoji characters in Unicode 9.0 release documentation.
[147-A14] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Ken Whistler: Check implications of property changes to U+1F946 RIFLE and U+1F93B MODERN PENTATHLON for any other properties in UCD for 9.0.
B.11.13.2 UTR #51, Document for review [Davis, Edberg, L2/16-145]
[147-C5] Consensus: Approve publication of UTR #51 version 3, as amended in discussion.
[147-A15] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Prepare UTR #51 version 3 for publication.
[147-A16] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Post the update of UTR #51 and data tables.
[147-A17] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close PRI #319.
Adjourned for the day at 5:36.
Tuesday, May 10, 2016
Meeting opened at 9:45.
6.5 members represented: Adobe, Apple, IBM, Google, MS, UCB(proxy), EmojiXpress
E.7 Proposal to encode two Western-style tally marks [Lunde, Miura, L2/16-065]
[147-C6] Consensus: Accept U+1D377 TALLY MARK ONE and U+1D378 TALLY MARK FIVE in the Counting Rod Numerals block for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A18] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include U+1D377 TALLY MARK ONE and U+1D378 TALLY MARK FIVE.
[147-A19] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add U+1D377 TALLY MARK ONE and U+1D378 TALLY MARK FIVE to the document requesting future additions.
[147-A20] Action Item for Roozbeh Pournader: Review the bidi properties of U+1D377 TALLY MARK ONE and U+1D378 TALLY MARK FIVE.
E.2 Proposal to add the Copyleft Symbol to Unicode [Faulks, L2/16-059]
[147-C7] Consensus: Accept U+1F12F COPYLEFT SYMBOL in the Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement block for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A21] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include U+1F12F COPYLEFT SYMBOL.
[147-A22] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add U+1F12F COPYLEFT SYMBOL to the document requesting future additions.
[147-A23] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Provide a font for U+1F12F COPYLEFT SYMBOL to Michel Suignard.
E.1.7 Coded hashes of arbitrary images [Loomis, et al, L2/16-105]
Kat Momoi and Shervin Afshar on the phone.
Discussion and presentation by Keith Winstein. UTC took no action at this time.
B.11.3 Issue 305: Proposed Update UAX #44, Unicode Character Database
B.11.3.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.3.2 Document for review [Davis, et al, L2/16-135]
[147-C8] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #44 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A24] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Update and prepare UAX #44 for publication.
B.11.4 Issue 306: Proposed Update UAX #29, Unicode Text Segmentation
B.11.4.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.4.2 Document for review [Davis, Iancu, L2/16-136]
[147-A25] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Karl Williamson's feedback on UAX #29 (PRI #306, April 4, 2016).
[147-A26] Action Item for Mark Davis: Prepare a proposed update of UAX #29 for Unicode 10.0, for the August 2016 UTC that has a modification of wordbreak rules to prevent breaking whitespace.
[147-A27] Action Item for Mark Davis: Change the derivation of Sentence_Break = Sp to include U+202F NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE, for Unicode 9.0.
[147-C9] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #29 as amended in discussion for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A28] Action Item for Mark Davis, Laurențiu Iancu, Editorial Committee: Prepare the UAX #29 for publication in Unicode 9.0.
Lunch 11:30 - 12:30
Emoji ad hoc until 1pm.
B.11.12 Issue 318: Proposed Update UAX#11, East Asian Width
B.11.12.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.12.2 Document for review [Lunde, L2/16-144]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
B.15.5 Proposal for Japanese vowels with the voiced sound mark as named sequences [Komatsu, L2/16-133]
Kat Momoi on the phone.
Facebook is now represented.
7.5 members represented.
B.11.15.3 Expanding Emoji Professions: Reducing Gender Inequality [Been, et al, L2/16-160]
Discussion.
[147-A29] Action Item for Agustin Fonts, Mark Davis, Nicole Bleuel, Rachel Been: Take proposal L2/16-160 to the Emoji Subcommittee for further review and development.
B.11.15 Issue 321: Proposed Draft UTS #52, Unicode Emoji Mechanisms
B.11.15.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.15.2 Document for review [Davis, Edberg, L2/16-147]
Discussion.
[147-A30] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close PRI #321.
[147-A31] Action Item for Mark Davis, Peter Edberg, Emoji Subcommittee: Review feedback on PRI #321 and report back to UTC.
Short break.
[147-C10] Consensus: Suspend work on UTS #52.
[147-A32] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Provide draft language of reasons for suspending work on UTS #52.
[147-A33] Action Item for Ken Whistler, Rick McGowan, Editorial Committee: Implement the suspension of UTS #52.
B.11.13.3 Left speech bubble [L2/15-274]
Discussion.
[147-A34] Action Item for Mark Davis: Ensure that U+1F441 EYE and U+1F5E8 LEFT SPEECH BUBBLE have "Emoji_Presentation = No" in EmojiData.txt version 3 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A35] Action Item for Mark Davis, Peter Edberg, Editorial Committee: Document in the text of UTR #51 the known exceptions to the rule that ZWJ sequences use emoji variations selectors where necessary.
B.11.12 Issue 318: Proposed Update UAX#11, East Asian Width
B.11.12.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.12.2 Document for review [Lunde, L2/16-144]
[147-C11] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #11 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A36] Action Item for Ken Lunde, Editorial Committee: Prepare UAX #11 for publication.
[147-A37] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Ken Lunde: Double check EastAsianWidth.txt for consistency with the final 3.0 version of EmojiData.txt, for Unicode 9.0.
B.11.14 Issue 320: Proposed Update UAX#41, Common References for Unicode Standard Annexes
B.11.14.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.14.2 Document for review [Iancu, McGowan, L2/16-146]
[147-C12] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #41 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A38] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Editorial Committee: Prepare UAX #41 for publication.
B.11.18 Issue 324: Proposed Update UAX #42, Unicode Character Database in XML
B.11.18.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.18.2 Document for review [Muller, L2/16-149]
[147-C13] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #42 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A39] Action Item for Mark Davis, Laurențiu Iancu: Run comparison tests of UAX #42 data files against the UCD before Unicode 9.0 release.
[147-A40] Action Item for Eric Muller, Editorial Committee: Prepare UAX #42 for publication.
B.11.10 Issue 316: Proposal to Remove Some Hira/Kata From Script_Extensions
B.11.10.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.10.2 Document for review [L2/16-142]
[147-A41] Action Item for Ken Lunde: Respond to Bobby Tung's and John Cowan's feedback on PRI #316 in L2/16-123.
[147-C14] Consensus: Change the Script_Extensions value to Han only for the 196 characters listed in Group 1, 16 characters Group 2, and 6 characters in Group 3, and U+3006 IDEOGRAPHIC CLOSING MARK of L2/16-142.
[147-A42] Action Item for Roozbeh Pournader: Update ScriptExtensions.txt for Unicode 9.0 with changes from above Consensus 147-C14.
[147-A43] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close PRI #316.
[147-A44] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to feedback from Åke Persson (March 15, 2016) in PRI 323.
[147-C15] Consensus: Accept the addition of a second kRSUnicode value for U+2C080, which would be 130.7, for Unicode version 10.
[147-A45] Action Item for Michel Suignard: Add a second kRSUnicode value for U+2C080, of 130.7, for Unicode version 10.
[147-C16] Consensus: Add a kIRG_GSource with prefix "G9" to the 21 entries given in Ken Lunde's Apr 2, 2016 feedback on PRI #323, for Unicode 10.
[147-A46] Action Item for Michel Suignard: Add the "G9" kIRG_GSource to the 21 entries given in Ken Lunde's Apr 2, 2016 feedback on PRI #323, for Unicode 10.
[147-A47] Action Item for John Jenkins: Add to the Unihan database the "G9" kIRG_GSource to the 21 entries given in Ken Lunde's Apr 2, 2016 feedback on PRI #323, for Unicode 10.
[147-A48] Action Item for John Jenkins: Update Unihan_Readings.txt based on feedback on PRI #323 from zrh, Apr 2, 2016 for Unicode 10.
[147-A49] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to zrh and Charlotte Buff about their feedback on PRI #323.
[147-C17] Consensus: Add tag characters U+E0020..U+E007F to Other_Grapheme_Extend for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A50] Action Item for Mark Davis: Update PropList.txt to add tag characters U+E0020..U+E007F to Other_Grapheme_Extend for Unicode 9.0.
[147-C18] Consensus: Change Sentence_Break for tag characters U+E0020..U+E007F to "Extend" for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A51] Action Item for Mark Davis: Update SentenceBreakProperty.txt to change the Sentence_Break property for tag characters U+E0020..U+E007F to "Extend".
[147-A52] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Andrew West re his feedback in PRI #323.
Adjourned for the day at 5:50pm.
Wednesday, May 11, 2016
Meeting opened at 9:45.
6.5 members represented: Adobe, Apple, Google, IBM, MS, UCB, EmojiXpress
B.14.2 Please add an alias of "Odia" to sc=Orya [Scherer, L2/16-078]
[147-A53] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Markus Scherer re L2/16-078 that we don't have a precedent at this time for adding alternate names for script property values.
C.3 Hentaigana
C.3.1 Revised Proposal of HENTAIGANA (replaces L2/15-193; with repertoire attached; see also spreadsheet) [Japan NB/Orita, L2/15-343]
C.3.2 Hentaigana comment document [Lunde, L2/16-053]
C.3.3 Status of hentaigana proposal [Lunde, L2/16-085]
Oral status report from Ken Lunde.
[147-A54] Action Item for Ken Lunde: Communicate with the Japan National Body and request them to submit a revised final proposal in time for the August 2016 UTC meeting, and point them to feedback on hentaigana in L2/16-123.
B.15.1 Proposal to accept the submission to register the "PanCJKV" IVD collection [Lunde, L2/16-063]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
On phone: Alex DelPriore, Andrew West.
Twitter now present.
D.15 Towards an Encoding of the Khitan Small Script (WG2 N4725) [West, L2/16-113]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.14.2 Preliminary proposal to define 357 variation sequences for Tangut ideographs (WG2 N4722) [West, L2/16-111]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.14.1 Proposal to encode five additional Tangut ideographs (WG2 N4724) [West, L2/16-095]
[147-C19] Consensus: Accept 5 Tangut characters at U+187ED..U+187F1 for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A55] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include 5 new Tangut characters at U+187ED..U+187F1.
[147-A56] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add 5 new Tangut characters at U+187ED..U+187F1 to document requesting future additions.
[147-A57] Action Item for Andrew West: Provide a font to Michel Suignard for printing 5 new Tangut characters at U+187ED..U+187F1.
C.14.4 Name change for U+16FE0 TANGUT REPETITION MARK [Anderson, Whistler, L2/16-129]
[147-C20] Consensus: Change the name of U+16FE0 from TANGUT REPETITION MARK to TANGUT ITERATION MARK for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A58] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to fix the name of U+16FE0 TANGUT ITERATION MARK.
C.14.3 Glyph Corrections for 3 Tangut ideographs (WG2 N4723) [West, et al, L2/16-112]
[147-C21] Consensus: Correct the glyphs for U+17013, U+17712, and U+17D9F based on document L2/16-112 and update Tangut sources as described in section 3 of the document, for Unicode 10.0.
[147-A59] Action Item for Andrew West: Provide corrected fonts to Michel Suignard for U+17013, U+17712, and U+17D9F based on document L2/16-112.
[147-A60] Action Item for Rick McGowan, Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Create a glyph and data erratum for U+17013, U+17712, and U+17D9F based on document L2/16-112 and update Tangut sources as described in section 3 of the document, for Unicode 10.0.
B.11.5 Issue 307: Proposed Update UAX #38, Unicode Han Database (Unihan)
B.11.5.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.5.2 Document for review [Jenkins, L2/16-137]
[147-A61] Action Item for Ken Lunde: Ask Michel Suignard to relay to John Jenkins the changes to the underlying kIRG_JSource prefixes.
[147-C22] Consensus: Approve UAX #38 as amended in discussion for publication in Unicode 9.0.
[147-A62] Action Item for John Jenkins, Editorial Committee: Update UAX #38 and prepare for publication in Unicode 9.0.
B.11.8 Issue 314: Proposed Update UAX #45, U-Source Ideographs
B.11.8.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.8.2 Document for review [Jenkins, L2/16-140]
[147-A63] Action Item for John Jenkins: Update two kMandarin values in Unihan database for 9.0.
[147-A64] Action Item for John Jenkins, Editorial Committee: Prepare UAX #45 for publication in Unicode 9.0.
B.15.2 Proposal on creating 2 Chinese Ancient Characters [Yuan, L2/16-066]
[147-C23] Consensus: Add both characters to UAX #45, after 9.0.
[147-A65] Action Item for John Jenkins: Add the two characters in L2/16-066 to UAX #45, for Unicode 10.0.
B.15.3 Proposal to define Standardized Variation Sequences for two Chinese ideographs (WG2 N4720) [West, Chan, L2/16-109]
[147-A66] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Reply to Andrew West that the UTC recommends using IVD as the mechanism to maintain such a distinction rather than defining a standardized variation sequence.
B.16.1 Proposal to Apply Source-Based Variation Selector in Shuowen Small Seal Encoding (WG2 N4716) [Toshiya, L2/16-092]
Facebook now present. 7.5 members represented.
[147-A67] Action Item for Ken Lunde: Respond to Toshiya Suzuki regarding L2/16-092.
B.7 UC Berkeley Department of Linguistics - Script Encoding Initiative
B.7.1 Liaison report [Anderson, L2/16-154]
Oral report by Deborah Anderson.
B.9 Unicode Locales Project (CLDR)
B.9.1 Liaison report [Davis, Edberg]
Oral report by Peter Edberg.
Lunch and cake break until 2:00 pm.
E.1.13 Withdrawing Emoji Tags
[147-A68] Action Item for Mark Davis: In the draft/Public/emoji/3.0 directory modify the Readme file, and move the emoji-tags.txt file to the tr52 directory, and modify the text of PD-UTS #52 to point to it.
[147-A69] Action Item for Mark Davis: Remove emoji-regex.txt from the references and the version 3.0 data directory, and fix Annex C of UTR #51.
E.1.12 VS in emoji sequences [Davis, L2/16-157]
[147-C24] Consensus: Rescind the decision to make the named keycap sequences final in Unicode 9.0. For the provisional named keycap sequences, add the emoji variation selector.
[147-A70] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Ken Whistler: Update NamedSequencesProv.txt and NamedSequences.txt for Unicode 9.0. See above Consensus 147-C24.
E.1.8 Proposal to encode ORANGE HEART emoji character [Hunt, L2/16-124]
[147-A71] Action Item for Peter Edberg: Add ORANGE HEART to the emoji candidate list.
[147-A72] Action Item for Mark Davis, Emoji Subcommittee, Editorial Committee: Modify the emoji candidates chart to reflect the changes in process agreed to by the UTC.
E.1.10 Proposal for more winter activity emojis [Emoji SC/Komatsu, L2/16-127]
[147-A73] Action Item for Peter Edberg: Add SLED and CURLING STONE to the emoji candidate list.
[147-A74] Action Item for Hiroyuki Komatsu: Update names in the L2/16-127 document and re-submit.
[147-A75] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add B.15.4 L2/15-251 to the agenda for the next UTC meeting.
B.11.16 Issue 322: Proposed Update UAX #14, Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm
B.11.16.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.16.2 Document for review [Heninger, L2/16-148]
[147-A76] Action Item for Andy Heninger: Propose a solution to the problem he documented in the PRI #322 feedback of April 20, re linebreaking around numbers.
[147-C25] Consensus: For all unassigned codepoints in U+1F000..U+1FFFD, default to "ID" for Linebreak, for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A77] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu: Update the default Line_Break property for all unassigned codepoints in U+1F000..U+1FFFD, to "ID", for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A78] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu, Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Make a change to UAX #44 regarding the defaults for the Line_Break property.
[147-A79] Action Item for Andy Heninger, Editorial Committee: Prepare a proposed update of UAX #14 that includes removing the pair table implementation, for Unicode 10.0.
[147-A80] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Post a PRI for the Unicode 10.0 update of UAX #14.
[147-A81] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Marcin Grzegorczyk on UAX #14.
[147-A82] Action Item for Mark Davis, Laurențiu Iancu, Editorial Committee: Add a pointer in UAX #29 to UTR #51 for customizing segmentation behavior of emoji sequences, for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A83] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Mark Davis: Add a description in UTR #51 Version 3.0 of emoji sequence segmentation behavior, pointing to CLDR for customization.
[147-C26] Consensus: Approve the publication of UAX #14 as amended in discussion for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A84] Action Item for Andy Heninger, Editorial Committee: Prepare UAX #14 for publication in Unicode 9.0.
Short break.
B.11.19 Issue 325: Proposed Update UTS #18, Unicode Regular Expressions
B.11.19.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.19.2 Document for review [Davis, Heninger, L2/16-150]
[147-A85] Action Item for Rick McGowan, Editorial Committee: Update and check the Status section and References in UTS #18.
[147-A86] Action Item for Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Do a formatting pass on proposed update of UTS #18.
B.14.4 Develop machine-readable segmentation rule format [Davis, L2/16-152]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.11 Proposal of an additional character to the Hebrew Unicodes: Sheva Na [May, L2/16-086]
[147-A87] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to proposer of L2/16-086.
D.14 Proposal to encode two ideographic combining pluta marks (WG2 N4718) [West, L2/16-107]
[147-A88] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Andrew West on L2/16-107 Pluta marks.
Adjourned for the day at 5:25.
Thursday, May 12, 2016
Meeting opened at 9:40.
4.5 members represented: Adobe, IBM, MS, UCB, EmojiXpress
D.9 Badaga dot sign (proposal L2/15-256) [Ganesan, L2/16-084]
[147-C27] Consensus: Change the codepoint and name for U+0BBC TAMIL SIGN NUKTA to U+1133B COMBINING BINDU BELOW, with CCC=7 and Script property of "Inherited".
[147-A89] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline for change of U+0BBC TAMIL SIGN NUKTA to U+1133B COMBINING BINDU BELOW.
Google now represented.
5.5 members represented.
D.8.1.4 Script Ad Hoc Recommendations on Tamil Fractions and Symbols (and Spreadsheet) [Anderson, et al, L2/16-155]
[147-C28] Consensus: Rescind approval of 7 characters listed in Item 1 of L2/16-155:
11FD4 TAMIL SIGN URI 11FD8 TAMIL SIGN PAICAA 11FD9 TAMIL SIGN ANAA 11FEA TAMIL SIGN CIRANCIIVI 11FEB TAMIL SIGN PILLAI 11FEE TAMIL ABBREVIATION YUM 11FEF TAMIL ABBREVIATION VUM
[147-A90] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to rescind 7 Tamil characters in Item 1 of L2/16-155. See above Consensus 147-C28.
[147-C29] Consensus: The UTC supports the proposed glyph changes of the 5 characters documented in Item 2 of L2/16-155.
[147-A91] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Invite the Tamil experts to review items 3 through 7 of document L2/16-155.
[147-A92] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add D.10 Vatteluttu/Vattezhuththu to the agenda for the August 2016 UTC meeting.
D.13 Proposal to encode Kaithi combining enumeration sign [SEI/Yang, L2/16-097]
[147-C30] Consensus: Accept U+110CD KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE for encoding in a future version of the standard, with properties as given in L2/16-097R.
[147-A93] Action Item for Benjamin Yang: Update L2/16-097 and forward to Rick McGowan for the document register.
[147-A94] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include U+110CD KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE.
[147-A95] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: U+110CD KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE to the document requesting new additions.
Short break.
B.11.17 Issue 323: Unicode 9.0.0 Beta
B.11.17.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.17.2 Document for review
[147-C31] Consensus: Change the general category of characters U+11C38..U+11C3B from "Mc" to "Mn" and make them Indic Position Category = "top", for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A96] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update UnicodeData.txt to Change the general category of characters U+11C38..U+11C3B from "Mc" to "Mn" for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A97] Action Item for Roozbeh Pournader: Include an explanation of the vowels U+11C38..U+11C3B in the core specification for Unicode 9.0.
[147-C32] Consensus: Give the property "prepended concatenation mark = yes" U+08E2 DISPUTED END OF AYAH.
[147-A98] Action Item for Mark Davis: Make change of property ("prepended concatenation mark = yes") to U+08E2 DISPUTED END OF AYAH in PropList.txt for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A99] Action Item for Laurențiu Iancu: Search for other parts of the standard that need to be updated for changes to U+08E2 DISPUTED END OF AYAH, for Unicode 9.0.
Facebook is now represented.
6.5 members represented.
[147-C33] Consensus: Remove U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER from Other_Grapheme_Extend, for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A100] Action Item for Mark Davis: Update PropList.txt to remove U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER from Other_Grapheme_Extend, for Unicode 9.0.
B.11.11 Issue 317: Proposed Update UTS #46, Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing
B.11.11.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.11.2 Document for review [Davis, Suignard, L2/16-143]
[147-A101] Action Item for Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Document which of the validity criteria in Section 4.1 of UTS #46 are based upon conditions in the IDNA specification.
[147-A102] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Dave Patterson's feedback on PRI #313.
B.14.1 Mongolian Base Forms, Positional Forms, & Variant Forms [Eck, L2/16-051]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
E.3 Extra symbols from Uranian Astrology [Faulks, L2/16-064]
[147-C34] Consensus: Accept 8 astrological characters for encoding in a future version of the standard:
U+2BE0 CUPIDO U+2BE1 HADES U+2BE2 ZEUS U+2BE3 KRONOS U+2BE4 APOLLON U+2BE5 ADMETOS U+2BE6 VULCANUS U+2BE7 POSEIDON
as documented in L2/16-064, to supplement the existing set of astrological symbols already encoded in the standard.
[147-A103] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include 8 astrological characters. L2/16-064.
[147-A104] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add 8 astrological characters to document requesting new additions. L2/16-064.
[147-A105] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Forward the font to Michel Suignard for Uranian astrological symbols.
A.3 Registration of New Documents
[147-A106] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add L2/16-161 on Indic Segmentation to the agenda for the August UTC meeting.
Break for lunch 12:30 - 1:30.
D.11.2 Proposal to Encode Siyaq Number Mark [L2/15–074R]
D.11.2.1 Comments on Proposal to Encode Siyaq Number Mark (L2/15–074R) [Afshar, L2/16-117]
[147-A107] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Let Anshuman Pandey know that UTC has decided not to encode the Siyaq Number Mark. Ref L2/16-117.
D.11.3 Proposal to Encode Arabic Siyaq Numbers in Unicode [Pandey, L2/16-017]
D.11.1 Unification of ‘Diwani’ and ‘Ottoman’ Siyaq Numbers [Pandey, L2/15-340]
D.11.1.1 Comments on Proposal for Diwani/Ottoman Siyaq Unification (L2/15–340) [Afshar, L2/16-116]
[147-A108] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Let Anshuman Pandey know that the UTC has decided not to do a unification and will proceed with attempting to get Ottoman Siyaq finished. Ref L2/16-116.
E.4 Astrological Plutos [Faulks, L2/16-067]
[147-C35] Consensus: Accept four astrological alternates for Pluto:
U+2BD4 PLUTO FORM TWO U+2BD5 PLUTO FORM THREE U+2BD6 PLUTO FORM FOUR U+2BD7 PLUTO FORM FIVE
with character properties as documented in L2/16-067 for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A109] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Add 4 alternates for Pluto to the pipeline. L2/16-067.
[147-A110] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add 4 alternates for Pluto to the document requesting new additions.
[147-A111] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add "E.5 Additional symbols for Astrology [Faulks, L2/16-080]" to the agenda for August 2016 UTC meeting.
E.1.4 Proposal to Add Three-Fingered Salute to the Emoji Characters [Al Balooshi, L2/16-071]
[147-A112] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Emoji Subcommittee: Consider proposal for 3-fingered salute L2/16-071 as part of a larger proposal on hand gestures.
[147-A113] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Respond to proposer of L2/16-071.
E.1.5 Jurassic Emoji Proposal [Milan, L2/16-072]
E.1.5.1 Feedback on Jurassic Emoji Proposal [West, L2/16-103]
[147-A114] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Emoji Subcommittee: Consider proposal L2/16-072 (dinosaurs) as part of a larger set of animals being considered.
[147-A115] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to William Overington.
[147-A116] Action Item for Peter Edberg, Emoji Subcommittee: Update the emoji selection factors to state that we are not looking for scientific or taxonomic/systematic classification and proposals should not suggest too many gradations.
[147-A117] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to John Cowan's feedback of May 4, 2016 in L2/16-123 re proposal L2/16-071.
E.1.3 Condom Emoji Submission [Greene, L2/16-022]
E.1.9 Proposal to Include Menstruation Characters (Femojis) [SCA/Comer, L2/16-126]
[147-A118] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add E.1.3 (L2/16-022) and E.1.9 (L2/16-126) to the agenda for the August UTC.
[147-A119] Action Item for Rick McGowan, Peter Edberg, Mark Davis, Emoji Subcommittee: Respond to proposers of E.1.3 (L2/16-022) and E.1.9 (L2/16-126).
E.6 Proposal to encode symbols for Go game notation (WG2 N4719) [West, L2/16-108]
[147-A120] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Andrew West re L2/16-108.
Short break.
B.11.6 Issue 311: Proposed Update UTS #10, Unicode Collation Algorithm
B.11.6.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.6.2 Document for review [Scherer, L2/16-138]
[147-C36] Consensus: Approve UTS #10 publication for version 9.0.
[147-A121] Action Item for Markus Scherer, Editorial Committee: Prepare UTS #10 for publication, for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A122] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close PRI #311.
[147-A123] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Regenerate DUCET based on the final UCD files for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A124] Action Item for Markus Scherer: Regenerate data files for UTS #10 based on the updated DUCET for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A125] Action Item for Markus Scherer, Editorial Committee: Prepare final CollationTest.html for publication, for Unicode 9.0.
B.11.11 Issue 317: Proposed Update UTS #46, Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing
B.11.11.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.11.2 Document for review [Davis, Suignard, L2/16-143]
[147-A126] Action Item for Mark Davis: Correct any problems in the UTS #46 data file, considering the feedback from Marc Lehmann in PRI #317.
[147-A127] Action Item for Mark Davis: Re-generate the UTS #46 data with the final Unicode 9.0 values, for version 9.0.
[147-A128] Action Item for Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Prepare UTS #46 for publication including an update of the figures in Table 4, for version 9.0.
[147-A129] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close PRI #317.
[147-A130] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to Marc Lehmann that his feedback has been taken into consideration for UTS #46.
B.11.7 Issue 313: Proposed Update UTS #39, Unicode Security Mechanisms
B.11.7.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
B.11.7.2 Document for review [Davis, L2/16-139]
[147-A131] Action Item for Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Create a proposed update of UTR #36 with more descriptions of email issues, and the use of RLO to mask dangerous file names.
[147-A131a] Action Item for Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Explain the format of identifier status and identifier type in section 7 of UTS #39 and in the headers of the datafiles.
[147-C37] Consensus: Approve UTS #39 as amended in discussion for publication for version 9.0.
[147-A132] Action Item for Mark Davis: Re-generate the UTS #39 data files after Unicode data is final, for version 9.0.
[147-A133] Action Item for Mark Davis, Editorial Committee: Prepare UTS #39 for publication for version 9.0.
[147-A134] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close PRI #313.
[147-A135] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Post the final UTS #39 when finished, for version 9.0. Target date end of July 2016.
B.14.5 Cleanup of constraints on variation sequences [Davis, L2/16-162]
[147-A136] Action Item for Peter Constable, Editorial Committee: Submit explanatory text to the Editorial Committee for Section 23.4 of the core spec capturing the spirit in the paragraph beginning "These constraints..." of document L2/16-162.
[147-A137] Action Item for Mark Davis: Prepare a proposal for adding a formal definition of variation sequence to chapter 3, for Unicode version 10.0. Ref L2/16-162.
B.2.2.3.1 TC37/SC2 Liaison report [Constable]
B.2.2.3.2 New Work Item Proposal for TC37/SC2: Identification and description of language varieties [Constable, L2/16-131]
B.2.2.3.2.1 Review and comments on TC37/SC2: Identification and description of language varieties [Constable, L2/16-132]
Oral report by Peter Constable.
[147-A138] Action Item for Peter Constable: Provide comments as outlined in the meeting on the new work item proposal from TC37. See L2/16-131.
Short break.
B.11.17.1.2 L2/16-163 Pournader
[147-C38] Consensus: Give U+AA74..U+AA76 the ISC value "Consonant_Placeholder", and U+17DD ISC "Syllable_Modifier", for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A139] Action Item for Roozbeh Pournader: U+AA74..U+AA76: ISC = Consonant_Placeholder, and U+17DD ISC = Syllable_Modifier, for Unicode 9.0.
B.11.20.1.1 General feedback [L2/16-123]
[147-A140] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to John Cowan re feedback on Go symbols, Tue May 3, 2016, that the UTC is not pursuing encoding along these lines for the enclosed numbers.
[147-A141] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Respond to feedback of Wed May 4 08:41:00 CDT 2016 from David Corbett, that UTC reviewed the proposal and decided not to encode separate character distinction.
[147-A142] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Pull into the document register images and/or other info from Ray Larabie's feedback (Thu Mar 10 19:02:08 CST 2016) which might be transient, for permanent reference. And update pointers in L2/16-123 so that they can be refereneced.
[147-A143] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Follow up on the UCAS error report in L2/16-123 from Ray Larabie.
[147-C39] Consensus: Update the glyphs for the UCAS ranges U+1513..U+1516 and U+151D..U+1525 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A144] Action Item for Rick McGowan, Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Put up a glyph erratum on UCAS ranges U+1513..U+1516 and U+151D..U+1525 using Noto font. See L2/16-123 and L2/16-164.
[147-A145] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Update the chart font for the glyphs for the UCAS ranges U+1513..U+1516 and U+151D..U+1525 for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A146] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Generate new delta chart for UCAS range for 9.0.
Adjourned for the day at 5:30.
Friday, May 13, 2016
Meeting opened at 9:45.
6 members represented: Adobe, Apple, Google, IBM, MS, UCB
C.7.1 Preliminary draft for the encoding of an extended Egyptian Hieroglyphs repertoire [Suignard, L2/16-079]
C.7.2 Comments on three control characters for Egyptian Hieroglyphs [Nederhof, et al, L2/16-090]
On the phone: Bob Richmond, Mark-Jan Nederhof, Andrew Glass
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.9 Proposal to encode seven Cham characters in the BMP (WG2 N4711) [Everson, L2/16-082]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.12 Proposal to encode the Cypro-Minoan script in the SMP (WG2 N4715) [SEI/Everson, L2/16-089]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
Facebook is now represented.
7 members represented: Adobe, Apple, Facebook, Google, IBM, MS, UCB
C.10 Arabic
C.10.1 Proposal to encode Al-Dani Quranic marks used in Quran published in Libya [Shaikh, L2/16-056]
C.10.2 Comments on L2/16-056 Proposal to encode AlDani Quranic Marks [Abudena, L2/16-100]
C.10.3 Consolidated Comments by Mansour, Evans, and Abudena [Anderson, L2/16-102]
C.10.4 Types of Quran scripts [Abudena, L2/16-153]
[147-C40] Consensus: Accept U+08D3 ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW based on attestations provided in L2/16-044, for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A147] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include U+08D3 ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW. See L2/16-044.
[147-A148] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add U+08D3 ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW to document requesting new additions. See L2/16-044.
[147-A149] Action Item for Michael Everson: Provide a font to Michel Suignard for U+08D3 ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW. See L2/16-044.
[147-A150] Action Item for Lorna Evans: Relay results of script ad-hoc and UTC decisions to proposers of Arabic documents cited in discussions of agenda item C.10, meeting UTC #147.
C.8 Revised proposal for the addition of Georgian characters [Everson, L2/16-081]
Michael Everson on the phone.
[147-A151] Action Item for Steven Loomis: Investigate barriers to the adoption of Unicode in Georgia, and report to UTC.
C.18 Revised Proposal to add Medievalist punctuation characters (WG2 N4726) [SEI/Everson, L2/16-125]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.4 Proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP [SEI/Everson, L2/16-069]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.5 Preliminary proposal for encoding the Cher Vang Hmong script in the SMP [SEI/Everson, L2/16-070]
Discussion. UTC took no action at this time.
C.15 Proposal for encoding the Medefaidrin (Oberi Okaime) script in the SMP (replaces L2/16-020) [Rovenchak, et al, L2/16-101]
[147-C41] Consensus: Accept 91 Medefaidrin characters U+16E40..U+16E9A, with block Medefaidrin U+16E40..U+16E9F, with properties as given in L2/16-101 and with the addition of numeric values, for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A152] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include 91 Medefaidrin characters U+16E40..U+16E9A L2/16-101.
[147-A153] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add 91 Medefaidrin characters U+16E40..U+16E9A to document requesting new additions. See L2/16-101.
[147-A154] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Obtain a font for printing Medefaidrin in the standard.
Lunch 12:30 - 1:30
B.13.3.2 Approve the release of Unicode 9.0
[147-A155] Action Item for Rick Mcowan: Close the PRIs for all UAXes for Unicode 9.0.
[147-A156] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Post final UAX documents for 9.0, when they are ready.
[147-A157] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Close the PRI #323 for the Unicode 9.0 beta.
[147-C42] Consensus: Authorize the release of Unicode 9.0.
[147-A158] Action Item for Ken Whistler, Editorial Committee: Release Unicode 9.0.
C.6 Proposal for encoding the Mandombe script (replaces L2/15-118) [Rovenchak, et al, L2/16-077]
[147-A159] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Share feedback from the ad-hoc report with the proposers of L2/16-077.
D.5 Proposal to encode VIRAMA signs for Buginese [Pandey, L2/16-075]
[147-A160] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Provide feedback to Anshuman Pandey on Buginese. See L2/16-156.
C.16 Proposal to encode one Bopomofo letter (WG2 N4717) [West, L2/16-106]
[147-C43] Consensus: Acccept U+312F BOPOMOFO LETTER NN for encoding in a future version of the standard.
[147-A161] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Update the pipeline to include U+312F BOPOMOFO LETTER NN.
[147-A162] Action Item for Deborah Anderson: Add U+312F BOPOMOFO LETTER NN to the document requesting new additions.
[147-A163] Action Item for Andrew West: Provide a font to Michel Suignard for printing U+312F BOPOMOFO LETTER NN.
C.7.1 Preliminary draft for the encoding of an extended Egyptian Hieroglyphs repertoire [Suignard, L2/16-079]
[147-A164] Action Item for Rick McGowan: Produce a highlighted delta chart for Egyptian Hieroglyphs (U+13000 block) in Unicode 9.0.
[147-A165] Action Item for Ken Whistler: Add highlighted delta chart for Hieroglyphs to 9.0 delta fonts index.
[147-A166] Action Item for Lisa Moore: Add these items from UTC #147 to the agenda for the August 2016 UTC #148 meeting: C.13, C.17, D.2, D.4, D.7, D.10, D.12, D.16, D.17.
Meeting adjourned for the week at 2:36 pm.
L2 continued.
UTC Attendance
Person | Representing |
Deborah Anderson | UC Berkeley |
Shervin Afshar | Netflix |
Rachel Been | |
Nicole Bleuel | |
Jeremy Burge | Emojipedia |
Lee Collins | Netflix |
Peter Constable | Microsoft |
Craig Cummings | Informatica |
Mark Davis | |
Alex DelPriore | Panlex |
Peter Edberg | Apple |
Behnam Esfahbod | |
Agustin Fonts | |
Andy Heninger | |
Paul Hunt | Adobe |
Hiroyuki Komatsu | |
Laurențiu Iancu | Microsoft |
Tayfun Karadeniz | EmojiXpress |
Jennifer Lee | Emojination |
Steven Loomis | IBM |
Ken Lunde | Adobe |
Lara McConnaughey | UC Berkeley |
Rick McGowan | Unicode |
Lisa Moore | IBM |
Roozbeh Pournader | |
Murray Sargent | Microsoft |
Alolita Sharma | |
Michel Suignard | Unicode |
Tex Texin | self (Xencraft) |
Ken Whistler | Unicode |
Keith Winstein | Stanford |
Shawn Xu | Netflix |
Benjamin Yang | LNF/Panlex |
By Phone | |
Michael Everson | Evertype |
Andrew Glass | Microsoft |
Kat Momoi | |
Mark-Jan Nederhof | self |
Bob Richmond | self |
Markus Scherer | |
Andrew West | self |
Members Represented
Full Member |
05/09 |
05/10 | 05/11 | 05/12 | 05/13 |
1. Adobe Systems, Inc. |
yes |
yes | yes | yes | yes |
2. Apple, Inc. |
yes |
yes | yes | yes | yes |
3. Facebook |
|
yes | yes | yes | yes |
4. Google, Inc. |
yes |
yes | yes | yes | yes |
5. Huawei |
|||||
6. IBM Corporation |
yes |
yes | yes | yes | yes |
7. Microsoft Corporation |
yes |
yes | yes | yes | yes |
8. Oracle America, Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
9. SAP AG |
|
|
|
|
|
10. Sultanate of Oman, MARA |
|
|
|
|
|
11. Yahoo! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional Member |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Bangladesh, MSICT |
|
|
|
|
|
2. India, MIT |
|
|
|
|
|
3. Tamil Nadu, TVA |
|
|
|
|
|
4. UCB |
yes(proxy) |
yes(proxy) | yes | yes | yes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supporting Member |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Emoji One |
|
|
|
|
|
2. EmojiXpress |
yes | yes | yes | yes | |
3. Monotype Imaging Corp |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associate Member |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Emojination |
yes | yes | yes | ||
2. The Long Now Foundation |
yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
3. Netflix | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
4. Twitter | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual Member |
|
|
|
|
|
1. Shervin Afshar |
yes | yes | yes | ||
2. Craig Cummings |
yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
3. Jennifer Lee |
yes | yes | yes | ||
4. Tex Texin |
yes | yes | yes | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members not in regular attendance: Bangladesh, Huawei, India, Tamil Nadu, Monotype, Oman, Oracle, SAP, Yahoo!
Total full members in regular attendance: 6
Total institutional members in regular attendance: 1
Total supporting members in regular attendance: 1
Quorum: 4.5