Arabic: Unit Grammar Info

	Arabic: Unit Grammar Info
Index

Grammatical Forms

Unit Inflections, Phase 1: The end goal is to add full case and gender support for formatted units. During Phase 1, a limited number of locales and units of measurement are being handled in CLDR v38, so that we can work kinks out of the process before expanding to all units for all locales.

This chart shows grammatical information available for certain unit and/or power patterns. These patterns are also illustrated with a Formatted Sample that combine the patterns with sample numbers and case minimal pair patterns. For example, “… für {0} …” is a case minimal pair pattern that requires the placeholder {0} to be in the accusative case in German. By inserting into a minimal pair pattern, it is easier to ensure that the original unit and/or power patterns are correctly inflected.

Notes

We don't have the cross-product of minimal pairs for both case and plural forms, so the case minimal pair pattern might not be correct for the row’s plural category, especially in the nominative.
Translators often have difficulties with the the minimal pair patterns, since they are transcreations not translations. The Hindi minimal pair patterns for case and gender have been discarded because they were incorrectly translated.
We don't expect translators to supply minimal pair patterns that are natural for any kind of placeholder: for example, it is probably not typical to use the vocative with 3.2 meters! So look at the Formatted Sample as an aid for helping to see the context for grammatical inflections, but one that has limitations.

Grammatical Features
Minimal Pairs
Unit Case and Gender Info
Unit Power Components

Grammatical Features

The following lists the available information about grammatical features for this locale. Current information is only for nominal forms. Where a Usage is present other than “general”, that means that a subset of the grammatical features are relevant to that Usage. For example, Feature=grammaticalGender and Usage=units might omit an ‘animate’ gender. For the meanings of the values, see LDML Grammatical Features.

Locale	ID	Feature	Usage	Values
Arabic	ar	grammaticalCase	general	nominative, accusative, genitive
		grammaticalDefiniteness	general	indefinite, definite, construct
		grammaticalGender	general	masculine, feminine

Minimal Pairs

This table has the minimal pairs used to test the appropriateness of different values.

Type	Code	Pattern	Formatted Sample
Plural	zero	‫{0} ولد حضر‬	‫ ٠ ولد حضر ❌ ١٠٠ ولد حضر ‬
	one	‫ولد واحد حضر‬	‫ ولد واحد حضر ❌ ولد واحد حضر ‬
	two	‫ولدان حضرا‬	‫ ولدان حضرا ❌ ولدان حضرا ‬
	few	‫{0} أولاد حضروا‬	‫ ٣ أولاد حضروا ❌ ١٠٠ أولاد حضروا ‬
	many	‫{0} ولدًا حضروا‬	‫ ١١ ولدًا حضروا ❌ ١٠٠ ولدًا حضروا ‬
	other	‫{0} ولد حضروا‬	‫ ١٠٠ ولد حضروا ❌ ٣ ولد حضروا ‬
Type	Code	Pattern	Formatted Sample
Gender (for measurement units)	masculine	‫{0} واحد‬	‫ سنتيمتر واحد ❌ ساعة واحد ‬
Gender (for measurement units)	feminine	‫{0} واحدة‬	‫ ساعة واحدة ❌ سنتيمتر واحدة ‬

Unit Case and Gender Info

This table has rows contains unit forms appropriate for different grammatical cases and plural forms. Each plural form has a sample value such as (1.2) or (2). That value is used with the localized unit pattern to form a formatted measure, such as “2,0 Stunden”. That formatted measure is in turn substituted into a case minimal pair pattern to get the Formatted Sample. The Gender column is informative; it just supplies the supplied gender for the unit.

For clarity, conversion values are supplied for non-metric units. For more information, see Unit Conversions.

Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
acceleration	meters per second squared	masculine	‫متر في الثانية المربعة واحد‬
acceleration	g-force ( = 9.80665 m/s²)	feminine	‫قوة تسارع واحدة‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
angle	arc-second ( = 0.0000007˙716049382 rev)	feminine	‫ثانية قوسية واحدة‬
	arc-minute ( = 0.00004˙629 rev)	feminine	‫دقيقة قوسية واحدة‬
	degree ( = 0.002˙7 rev)	feminine	‫درجة واحدة‬
	radian ( = ~0.1591549430918953 rev)	masculine	‫راديان واحد‬
	revolutions	feminine	‫دورة واحدة‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
area	square centimeters	masculine	‫سنتيمتر مربع واحد‬
	square meters	masculine	‫متر مربع واحد‬
	hectares	masculine	‫هكتار واحد‬
	square kilometers	masculine	‫كيلومتر مربع واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
concentration	millimole-per-liter ( = 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000 items per cubic meter)	masculine	‫ملي مول/لتر واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
consumption	liters per 100 kilometers	masculine	‫لتر لكل ١٠٠ كيلومتر واحد‬
consumption	liters per kilometer	masculine	‫لتر لكل كيلومتر واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
digital	bits	masculine	‫بت واحد‬
	byte ( = 8 bit)	masculine	‫بايت واحد‬
	kilobits	masculine	‫كيلوبت واحد‬
	kilobyte ( = 8 kb)	masculine	‫كيلوبايت واحد‬
	megabits	masculine	‫ميغابت واحد‬
	megabyte ( = 8 Mb)	masculine	‫ميغابايت واحد‬
	gigabits	masculine	‫غيغابت واحد‬
	gigabyte ( = 8 Gb)	masculine	‫غيغابايت واحد‬
	terabits	masculine	‫تيرابت واحد‬
	terabyte ( = 8 Tb)	masculine	‫تيرابايت واحد‬
	petabyte ( = 8,000 Tb)	masculine	‫بيتابايت واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
duration	nanoseconds	feminine	‫نانو ثانية واحدة‬
	microseconds	feminine	‫ميكروثانية واحدة‬
	milliseconds	feminine	‫ملي ثانية واحدة‬
	seconds	feminine	‫ثانية واحدة‬
	minute ( = 60 sec)	feminine	‫دقيقة واحدة‬
	hour ( = 3,600 sec)	feminine	‫ساعة واحدة‬
	day ( = 86,400 sec)	masculine	‫يوم واحد‬
	day-person ( = 86,400 sec)	masculine	‫يوم واحد‬
	week ( = 604,800 sec)	masculine	‫أسبوع واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
electric-current	milliamperes	masculine	‫ملي أمبير واحد‬
electric-current	amperes	masculine	‫أمبير واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
electric-resistance	ohms	masculine	‫أوم واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
energy	joules	masculine	‫جول واحد‬
	newton-meter ( = 1 J)	masculine	‫نيوتن متر واحد‬
	calorie ( = 4.184 J)	feminine	‫سعرة واحدة‬
	kilojoules	masculine	‫كيلو جول واحد‬
	kilowatt-hour ( = 3,600,000 kilogram-square meter-seconds per cubic second)	masculine	‫كيلو واط/ساعة واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
force	newtons	masculine	‫نيوتن واحد‬
force	kilowatt-hour-per-100-kilometer ( = 36 kilogram-square meter-seconds per meter-cubic second)	masculine	‫كيلوواط ساعة لكل 100 كيلومتر واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
frequency	hertz	masculine	‫هرتز واحد‬
	kilohertz	masculine	‫كيلو هرتز واحد‬
	megahertz	masculine	‫ميغا هرتز واحد‬
	gigahertz	masculine	‫غيغا هرتز واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
graphics	pixel ( = 1 px)	masculine	‫بكسل واحد‬
graphics	megapixels	masculine	‫ميغابكسل واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
illuminance	lux	masculine	‫لكس واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
length	picometers	masculine	‫بيكومتر واحد‬
	nanometers	masculine	‫نانو متر واحد‬
	micrometers	masculine	‫ميكرومتر واحد‬
	millimeters	masculine	‫مليمتر واحد‬
	centimeters	masculine	‫سنتيمتر واحد‬
	decimeters	masculine	‫ديسيمتر واحد‬
	meters	masculine	‫متر واحد‬
	kilometers	masculine	‫كيلومتر واحد‬
	mile-scandinavian ( = 10 km)	masculine	‫ميل اسكندنافي واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
luminous-flux	lumen	masculine	‫لومن واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
luminous-intensity	candela	feminine	‫شمعة واحدة‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
mass	micrograms	masculine	‫ميكروغرام واحد‬
	milligrams	masculine	‫مليغرام واحد‬
	carat ( = 200 mg)	masculine	‫قيراط واحد‬
	grams	masculine	‫غرام واحد‬
	kilograms	masculine	‫كيلوغرام واحد‬
	metric tons	masculine	‫طن متري واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
portion	parts per million	masculine	‫جزء في المليون واحد‬
	permyriad	feminine	‫‱ واحدة‬
	permille	masculine	‫في الألف واحد‬
	percent	feminine	‫بالمائة واحدة‬
	karat ( = 4.1˙6%)	masculine	‫قيراط واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
power	milliwatts	masculine	‫ملي واط واحد‬
	watts	masculine	‫واط واحد‬
	kilowatts	masculine	‫كيلوواط واحد‬
	megawatts	masculine	‫ميغا واط واحد‬
	gigawatts	masculine	‫غيغا واط واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
pressure	pascals	masculine	‫باسكال واحد‬
	hectopascal ( = 1 mbar)	masculine	‫هكتوباسكال واحد‬
	millibars	masculine	‫ملي بار واحد‬
	kilopascals	masculine	‫كيلوباسكال واحد‬
	bars	masculine	‫بار واحد‬
	atmosphere ( = 1.01325 bar)	masculine	‫ضغط جوي واحد‬
	megapascals	masculine	‫ميغاباسكال واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
resolution	pixel-per-centimeter ( = 1 dpcm)	masculine	‫بكسل لكل سنتيمتر واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
speed	kilometer-per-hour ( = 0.2˙7 m/s)	masculine	‫كيلومتر في الساعة واحد‬
speed	meters per second	masculine	‫متر في الثانية واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
substance-amount	items	masculine	‫عنصر واحد واحد‬
substance-amount	mole ( = 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000 items)	masculine	‫مول واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
temperature	degrees temperature	feminine	‫° واحدة‬
	celsius ( = 1 K)	feminine	‫درجة مئوية واحدة‬
	kelvins	feminine	‫درجة كلفن واحدة‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
typewidth	typographic ems	masculine	‫إم واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
voltage	volts	masculine	‫فولت واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
volume	cubic-centimeter ( = 1 mL)	masculine	‫سنتيمتر مكعب واحد‬
	milliliters	masculine	‫مليلتر واحد‬
	centiliters	masculine	‫سنتيلتر واحد‬
	deciliters	masculine	‫ديسيلتر واحد‬
	cup-metric ( = 2.5 dL)	masculine	‫كوب متري واحد‬
	pint-metric ( = 5 dL)	masculine	‫مكيال متري واحد‬
	liters	masculine	‫لتر واحد‬
	hectoliters	masculine	‫هكتولتر واحد‬
	cubic meters	masculine	‫متر مكعب واحد‬
	megaliters	masculine	‫ميغالتر واحد‬
	cubic kilometers	masculine	‫كيلومتر مكعب واحد‬
Quantity	Unit	Gender	Gender MP + unit
year-duration	month ( = 0.08˙3 yrs)	masculine	‫شهر واحد‬
	quarter ( = 0.25 yrs)	masculine	‫ربع سنوي واحد‬
	years	feminine	‫سنة واحدة‬
	decades	masculine	‫عقد واحد‬
	centuries	masculine	‫قرن واحد‬

Unit Power Components

This table shows the square (power2) and cubic (power3) patterns, which may vary by case, gender, and plural forms. Each gender is illustrated with a unit where possible, such as (second) or (meter). Each plural category is illustrated with a unit where possible, such as (1) or (1.2). The patterns are first supplied, and then combined with the samples and case minimal pair patterns in the next Formatted Sample column.