Hello—again, UniCoders!
I'll need to refine what I said yesterday. The underbar (U0331, ̱) is
the diacritic used for laryngeal articulation—as is the case with the Arabic
laryngeal fricatives; it's different from the underline (U005F, _,
&uline;, or the tag). The diacritic for pharyngeal articulation is the
underdot (U0323, ̣), which usually is used to stand for so many things;
the US Board On Geographical Names substitutes the cedilla (U0327, ̧)
in its place. The UMRE system uses the cedilla for advanced (fronted)
articulation (IE.: To mark an apical <t> from an alveolar <t>, while a
dental <t> has an undercircumflex [U032D, ̭] under it.); the reverse
cedilla, which isn't yet a UniCode character, indicates its reverse—retracted
(reared or backed) articulation. Types of retracted articulation include:
retroflex—underring (U0325, ̥), dorsoretroflex—double underring (not yet
UC), uvular—diagonal cross-slash (U0337-U0338, ̷ - ̸),
pharyngeal—underdot (U0323, ̣), laryngeal—underbar (U0331, ̱), &
velic/bronchial—overdot (U0307, ̇). The 2-PIECE MACRON & 2-PIECE
UNDERBAR are needed diacritics that aren't yet in UniCode—those would need to
be introduced (that would solve Chris Fynn's issue—& also mine); they're
already 2-piece ligature ties (overcap & underbreve varieties), also a
2-piece tilde that're already in UniCode.
As far as n-graphs are concerned, they're usually constructed
hormographically—closely related to the unmodified sound (IE.: <th> for the
[þ] sound, while <dh> represents the [ð] sound—yet, in English, th (in most
words) stands for both of them).
I hope this note clarifies some things. Thank You!
ISRI INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLISM RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Robert Lloyd Wheelock 63 Wilson ST Augusta, ME 04330-9473 USA
1(207)623-5176 RWhizz12@aol.com
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